"Ancient Egypt" is the period of time between 3500 BCE and 30 BCE when Egypt was ruled by dynasties and pharaohs. Historians divide this stretch of time into three main periods of prosperity - the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom.
During the Pre-dynastic period, in around 5000 BCE, people began farming in the Nile Valley. They founded settlements next to their farms, which slowly grew into two kingdoms - Upper and Lower Egypt.
Around 3100 BCE, Upper and Lower Egypt were unified under one rule - this was the period of the Old Kingdom and was also known as the "Age of the Pyramids, in which Ancient Egypt's greatest monuments were built. The old Kingdom ended around 2160 BCE and Egypt was once again divided into Upper Egypt which ruled from Thebes and Lower Egypt, which ruled from Herakleopolis.
In 2055 BCE Egypt was once again united by the Pharaoh Mentuhotep of the 11th Dynasty who founded the Middle Kingdom. During this period, Egypt expanded its borders into ancient Libya and Nubia.
Lasting from 1550 BCE - 1086 BCE, the New Kingdom is considered to be the greatest period in the history of Ancient Egypt. Strong rulers such as Ahmose I and Thutmose III expanded the kingdoms into ancient Libya, Nubia and the Middle East. This time also saw the construction of numerous temples and monuments by Pharaohs, most notably, by Rameses II.
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